1052 Week 17

CUPID

In classical mythology, Cupid (Latin Cupīdō, meaning "desire") is the god of desire, erotic love, attraction and affection. 

He is often portrayed as the son of the love goddess Venus and the war god Mars.

He is also known in Latin as Amor ("Love"). His Greek counterpart is Eros.

THE TEMPEST

It is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1610–11, and thought by many critics to be the last play that Shakespeare wrote alone.

The story draws heavily on the tradition of the romance, and it was influenced by tragicomedy, the courtly masque and perhaps the commedia dell'arte.

It differs from Shakespeare's other plays in its observation of a stricter, more organised neoclassical style. 

GLOBE THEATRE

The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare.

It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, on land owned by Thomas Brend and inherited by his son, Nicholas Brend and grandson Sir Matthew Brend, and was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613. A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614 and closed by an Ordinance issued on 6 September 1642.

A modern reconstruction of the Globe, named "Shakespeare's Globe", opened in 1997 approximately 750 feet from the site of the original theatre. From 1909, the current Gielgud Theatre was called "Globe Theatre", until it was renamed (in honour of John Gielgud) in 1994.

ALLERGIC RHINITIS

Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is a type of inflammation in the nose which occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens in the air.

Signs and symptoms include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, red, itchy, and watery eyes, and swelling around the eyes. The fluid from the nose is usually clear.

Symptom onset is often within minutes following exposure and they can affect sleep, the ability to work, and the ability to concentrate at school. Those whose symptoms are due to pollen typically develop symptoms during specific times of the year.

FLAWLESS GODDESS

1052 Week 16

A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM

HARD COPY

In information handling, the U.S. Federal Standard 1037C (Glossary of Telecommunication Terms) defines it is a permanent reproduction, or copy, in the form of a physical object, of any media suitable for direct use by a person, of displayed or transmitted data.

Examples of hard copy include teleprinter pages, continuous printed tapes, computer printouts, and radio photo prints. On the other hand, physical objects such as magnetic tapes diskettes, or non-printed punched paper tapes are not defined as hard copy by 1037C.

A file which can be viewed on a screen without printing it out is sometimes called a soft copy. The U.S. Federal Standard 1037C defines "soft copy" as "a non-permanent display image, for example, a cathode ray tube display."

LIFE'S OTHER ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

1. Wait, what?

2. I wonder why/if?

3. Couldn't we at least?

4. How can I help?

5. What truly matters?

COMMENCEMENT VERSUS GRADUATION

commencement:

It refers to the ceremony, officiated by the President of the University, where you share the excitement and importance of your academic accomplishments with peers, family, and friends. Commencement is also a time for the University, Board of Trustees, National University System Chancellor, senior administrators, and faculty to pay special tribute to you for the outstanding efforts you have shown in earning your degree.

graduation:

On the other hand, graduation is a three-step process consisting of submitting an Application for Graduation form, completing all academic requirements for your degree, and settling all financial obligations. The administrative process of degree conferral will indicate your official date of graduation. 

WHAT IS DRAMA

The word drama comes from a Greek word that means ''action.''

When there is action, something happens!

Actions create tension and excitement over what will happen next and help to make the story (and life) dramatic or full of drama.

KAI-FU LEE'S GUIDE

Love differentiates us from AI.

Despite what science fiction movies may portray, I can tell you responsibly that AI programs cannot love. They don’t even have feelings or self-consciousness.

AlphaGo may beat the world champion, but it has no fun playing the game, feels no happiness from winning, has no desire to hug a loved one after it wins.

IDIOM

Keep your chin up.

an expression of encouragement to someone who has to bear some emotional burdens

Keep your chin up, you haven't heard from any other answers yet.

Now you're talking.

said when someone makes a suggestion or offer that is better than one that they have already made

Oh, now you're talking!

Let the chips fall where they may. 

to do something without worrying about the effects of your actions

She promised to ask a series of questions in her interview and let the chips fall where they may.

It's not rocket science. 

used to say that you do not think that something is very difficult to do or to understand

It’s not rocket science, maybe you should try.

LORD OF THE FLIES

It is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning English author William Golding.

The book focuses on a group of British boys stranded on an uninhabited island and their disastrous attempt to govern themselves.

1052 Week 15

MATTHEW ARNOLD

Among the major Victorian writers sharing in a revival of interest and respect in the second half of the twentieth century, Matthew Arnold is unique in that his reputation rests equally upon his poetry and his prose.

Only a quarter of his productive life was given to writing poetry, but many of the same values, attitudes, and feelings that are expressed in his poems achieve a fuller or more balanced formulation in his prose.

This unity was obscured for most earlier readers by the usual evaluations of his poetry as gnomic or thought-laden, or as melancholy or elegiac, and of his prose as urbane, didactic, and often satirically witty in its self-imposed task of enlightening the social consciousness of England.

IDIOM

No harm done.

used to tell someone that no apology or concern is necessary because no damage has been done

Even if it doesn't work, no harm done.

Chew the fat.

to have a friendly conversation, often for a long time

We sat in a bar most of the evening just chewing the fat.

Bite the bullet. 

to force yourself to do something unpleasant or difficult, or to be brave in a difficult situation

I hate going to the dentist, but I'll just have to bite the bullet.

EMILY DICKINSON

She was a reclusive American poet.

Unrecognized in her own time, Dickinson is known posthumously for her innovative use of form and syntax.

She is known for her poignant and compressed verse, which profoundly influenced the direction of 20th-century poetry.

WALT WHITMAN

He was an American poet, essayist, and journalist. A humanist, he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works.

Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon, often called the father of free verse.

His work was very controversial in its time, particularly his poetry collection Leaves of Grass, which was described as obscene for its overt sexuality.

DYLAN THOMAS

Though he wrote exclusively in the English language, Thomas has been acknowledged as one of the most important Welsh poets of the 20th century.

He is noted for his original, rhythmic and ingenious use of words and imagery.

BILLY COLLINS

He is an American poet, appointed as Poet Laureate of the United States from 2001 to 2003.

Dubbed ''the most popular poet in America'' by Bruce Weber in the New York Times, Billy Collins is famous for conversational, witty poems that welcome readers with humor but often slip into quirky, tender or profound observation on the everyday, reading and writing, and poetry itself. 

FRANK O'HARA

He was an American writer, poet and art critic.

Because of his employment as a curator at the Museum of Modern Art, O'Hara became prominent in New York City's art world.

O'Hara's poetry is personal in tone and in content and has been described as sounding "like entries in a diary".

CLASSICAL UNITIES

Aristotelian unities, or three unities

unity of action

a play should have one action that it follows, with minimal subplots

unity of time

the action in a play should occur over a period of no more than 24 hours

unity of action

a play should exist in a single physical space and should not attempt to compress geography, nor should the stage represent more than one place

CATHARSIS

It is an emotional discharge through which one can achieve a state of moral or spiritual renewal or achieve a state of liberation from anxiety and stress.

Catharsis is a Greek word and it means cleansing. In literature it is used for the cleansing of emotions of the characters.

It can also be any other radical change that leads to emotional rejuvenation of a person.

LEARN DEFINITION

1. to gain knowledge or experience of something, for example by being taught

We’re learning fractions in maths this week.

2. to gain new information about a situation, event, or person

She'll go to great lengths to keep you from learning her secrets.

3. to improve your behavior as a result of gaining greater experience or knowledge of something

His girlfriend’s left him again; some people never learn, do they?

E. E. CUMMINGS

He was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright.

A typical Cummings poem is spare and precise, employing a few key words eccentrically placed on the page.

He is remembered as an eminent voice of 20th-Century English literature.

1052 Week 14

ANDREW MARVELL

He was an English metaphysical poet, satirist and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1659 and 1678. During the Commonwealth period he was a colleague and friend of John Milton.

His poems range from the love-song "To His Coy Mistress", to evocations of an aristocratic country house and garden in "Upon Appleton House" and "The Garden", the political address "An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland", and the later personal and political satires "Flecknoe" and "The Character of Holland".

He is now considered to be one of the best Metaphysical poets.

CARPE DIEM

It is a Latin aphorism, usually translated "seize the day".

Carpe is the second-person singular present active imperative of carpō "pick or pluck" to mean "enjoy, seize, use, make use of". Diem is the accusative case of the noun dies "day".

A more literal translation of "carpe diem" would thus be "pluck the day as it is ripe". That is, enjoy the moment.

STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE TO WRITING A RESPONSE PAPER

1. Pay close attention to what you're reading.

2. Find an angle to take with your response.

3. Craft your angle into an argument.

4. Draw up an outline.

5. Provide relevant textual examples.

6. Proofread!

OLD KING COLE

It is a British nursery rhyme first attested in 1708.

Though there is much speculation about the identity of King Cole, it is unlikely that he can be identified reliably as any historical figure.

It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 1164. The poem describes a merry king who called for his pipe, bowl, and musicians, with the details varying among versions.

FIVE TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES

definition clues:

the word's meaning is explained in the sentence

example clues:

an example of the word is given following the sentence or within the sentence

synonym clues:

other words are used in the sentence that have similar meaning

antonym clues:

the word is clarified by giving the opposite meaning

inference clues:

a word's definition is not explained. You need to look for clues before or after the sentence

BROTHERS GRIMM

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, were German academics, philologists, cultural researchers, lexicographers and authors who together specialized in collecting and publishing folklore during the 19th century.

They were among the best-known storytellers of folk tales, and popularized stories such as "Cinderella", "The Frog Prince", "Rapunzel", "Sleeping Beauty","The Wolf and the Seven Young Goats", and "Snow White".

Originally, Grimm’s Fairy Tales were not meant for children. The stories routinely included sex, violence, incest, and copious footnotes. Worse yet, they didn’t even have illustrations.

1052 Week 13

MARIANNE MOORE

She was an American Modernist poet, critic, translator, and editor.

Her poetry is noted for formal innovation, precise diction, irony, and wit.

Moore’s awards included the Poetry Society of America's Gold Medal for Distinguished Development, the National Medal for Literature, and an honorary doctorate from Harvard University.

RENAISSANCE

post-classicism

It was a period in European history, from the 14th to the 17th century, regarded as the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history.

The renaissance started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe, marking the beginning of the Early Modern Age.

ROMANTICISM

post-renaissance

It was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850.

Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical.

MODERNISM

post-romanticism

It is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Among the factors that shaped modernism were the development of modern industrial societies and the rapid growth of cities, followed then by reactions of horror to World War I.

PERSEUS

He was one of the greatest and oldest pan-Hellenic heroes of Greek mythology.

Perseus beheaded the Gorgon Medusa and saved Andromeda from the sea monster Cetus.

He was the son of the mortal Danaë and the god Zeus.

HERCULES

He is best known as the strongest of all mortals, and even stronger than many gods.

Hercules was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, foster son of Amphitryon and great-grandson and half-brother of Perseus.

He was the only man born of a mortal woman to become a god upon his death.

ABBREVIATION

ASAP

as soon as possible

Call me back ASAP.

IMO

in my opinion

IMO, I believe they should change this about the game.

P.S.

post script

P.S. I Love You.

HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW

He was a famed 19th century scholar, novelist and poet.

Poems such as ''Paul Revere's Ride,'' Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie, and ''A Psalm of Life'' became mainstays of national culture, long remembered by generations of readers who studied them in school. 

Longfellow wrote many lyric poems known for their musicality and often presenting stories of mythology and legend.

BOOK OF REVELATION

It is a book of the New Testament that occupies a central place in Christian eschatology.

The book spans three literary genres: the epistolary, the apocalyptic, and the prophetic.

It begins with John, on the island of Patmos in the Aegean, addressing a letter to the "Seven Churches of Asia." He then describes a series of prophetic visions, including figures such as the Whore of Babylon and the Beast, culminating in the Second Coming of Jesus.

IN THE HEART OF THE SEA

Ron Howard’s new maritime epic, is based on the same true whaling misadventure that inspired ''Moby Dick.''

In case audiences aren’t aware of this fact, the very first character who appears onscreen is a young Herman Melville, seen listening to a tale about a giant sperm whale, a shipwreck, and survival against all odds.

It takes a degree of audacity to compare your movie so early on to one of the greatest dramatic epics of all time, and what follows might possibly leave viewers longing for Melville’s heroic, allegorical masterpiece, as opposed to the sober tale of endurance that plays out.

1052 Week 12

JOHN DONNE

He was an English poet and cleric in the Church of England.

John Donne is considered the pre-eminent representative of the metaphysical poets.

Donne's style is characterized by abrupt openings and various paradoxes, ironies and dislocations.

TYPES OF POETRY

narrative poetry:

a poem which tells a story

Narrative poems include epics, ballads, idylls, and lays.

lyric poetry:

consist of a song-like quality

Lyric poetry expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in the first person.

dramatic poetry:

written with the intention of being performed

Dramatic poetry is a written work that both tells a story and connects the reader to an audience through emotions or behavior.

ODE TO THE WEST WIND

It is an ode, written by Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819 near Florence, Italy.

The poem "Ode to the West Wind" can be divided in two parts.

The first three cantos are about the qualities of the Wind and each ends with the invocation "Oh hear!". The last two cantos give a relation between the Wind and the speaker.

THE TYGER

It is a poem by the English poet William Blake published in 1794 as part of the Songs of Experience collection. 

Literary critic Alfred Kazin calls it ''the most famous of his poems'', and The Cambridge Companion to William Blake says it is ''the most anthologized poem in English.''

It is one of Blake's most reinterpreted and arranged works.

HOW A SONNET TELLS A STORY

3 quatrains + 1 couplet

first quatrain:

An exposition of the main theme and main metaphor.

second quatrain:

Theme and metaphor extended or complicated; often, some imaginative example is given.

third quatrain:

Peripeteia (a twist or conflict), often introduced by a “but” (very often leading off the ninth line).

couplet:

Summarizes and leaves the reader with a new, concluding image.

LA BELLE DAME SANS MERCI

It is a ballad written by the English poet John Keats.

It exists in two versions, with minor differences between them.

The original was written by Keats in 1819. He used the title of the 15th-century La Belle Dame sans Mercy by Alain Chartier, though the plots of the two poems are different.

BIRCHES

It was collected in Robert Frost's third collection of poetry Mountain Interval that was published in 1916.

Consisting of 59 lines, it is one of Robert Frost's most anthologized poems.

The poem "Birches", along with other poems that deal with rural landscape and wildlife, shows Frost as a nature poet.

THE SHAWSHANK REDEMPTION

It was adapted from the Stephen King novella Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption.

1052 Week 11

W. B. YEATS

He was an Irish poet and one of the foremost figures of 20th-century literature.

Although he lived in London for 14 years of his childhood, Yeats maintained his cultural roots, featuring Irish legends and heroes in many of his poems and plays.

He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923.

RHYME VERSUS RHYTHM

rhyme:

the practice of choosing similar sounding words at the ends of the alternate lines of a poem

Rhyme is often used to lend a pleasing effect to poetry which makes it enjoyable; rhyming words also help us to memorize.

rhythm:

an audible pattern or effect that is created by introducing pauses or stressing certain words in the poem

There are five main rhythms in English poetry; they are Iamb, Trochee, Spondee, Dactyl, and Anapest.

NEVERMORE

WORD TRANSLATION WHEN TO USE

thou:

When ''you'' is the subject of the sentence.

thee:

When ''you'' is the object of the sentence.

thy:

Possessive form of you. Commonly used before a noun that begins with a consonant sound (like the article, ''a'').

thine:

Possessive form of you. Commonly used before a noun that begins with vowel sound (like the article, ''an''). Also used when indicating that something is ''absolute and understood.''

ye:

Plural form of ''you'' when addressing a group of people.

EDGAR ALLAN POE

He was an American writer, editor, and literary critic. 

Poe is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and the macabre.

He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.