1031 Week 2

(1) additional notes in class

Roman numeral table:

1	L	14	XlV	27	XXVll	150	CL
2	ll	15	XV	28	XXVlll	200	CC
3	lll	16	XVl	29	XXlX	300	CCC
4	lV	17	XVll	30	XXX	400	CD
5	V	18	XVlll	31	XXXl	500	D
6	Vl	19	XlX	40	XL	600	DC
7	Vll	20	XX	50	L	700	DCC
8	Vlll	21	XXl	60	LX	800	DCCC
9	lX	22	XXll	70	LXX	900	CM
10	X	23	XXlll	80	LXXX	1000	M
11	Xl	24	XXlV	90	XC	1600	MDC
12	Xll	25	XXV	100	C	1700	MDCC
13	Xlll	26	XXVl	101	Cl	1900	MCM

etymology :

man = manu = hand

manual /ˈmænjʊəl/

/noun/ a book containing instructions for doing something, especially for operating a machine

e.g. You should read the manual before you turn on the new machine.

/adjective/ involving the use of your hands

e.g. Most manual labor in the past has been replaced by modern machines.

manicure /ˈmænɪkjʊə(r)/

/noun/ a beauty treatment for your hands and nails

e.g. I have a manicure and a pedicure every month.

/verb/ to make something (such as a lawn or flower beds) look neat, smooth, and attractive

e.g. Mom spends her weekends working in her garden and manicuring her lawn.

manifest /ˈmænɪfest/

/adjective/ easily understood or recognized by the mind

e.g. Her grandfather love for literature is manifest in his large library.

/verb/ to show something such as a feeling or ability clearly

e.g. Both sides have manifested a stubborn unwillingness to compromise.

tele- = far off

telecast /ˈteliˌkɑːst/

/verb/ to broadcast a program by television

e.g. There is no distant transmitter to telecast the scene.

telepathy /təˈlepəθi/

/noun/ the ability of people to communicate directly with each other’s minds, without using words or signals

e.g. Many of us find it very difficult to state our needs. We expect people to know by telepathy what we are feeling.

telescope /ˈtelɪˌskəʊp/

/noun/ a piece of equipment shaped like a tube that you look through to make distant objects look closer and larger

e.g. Like a telescope it has a curved mirror to collect the sunlight.

(2) vocabulary journal

day1

capacity /kəˈpæsəti/ noun

sentence (in the article) : Humans have only two legs but an incredible capacity for running.

meaning : the ability to do something

simple sentence : Her poor health limits her earning capacity.

dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/ adjective

sentence (in the article) : They notice a dramatic improvement in all of their senses; they can see, hear, taste, and smell much better than before.

meaning : sudden and surprising or easy to notice

simple sentence : The contrast of the two cases is dramatic.

elite /ɪˈliːt/ noun

sentence (in the article) : Millions of people worldwide watch as elite runners compete for millions of dollars on television.

meaning : the best or most skillful people in a group

simple sentence : Only a small elite among mountaineers can climb these routes.

give someone an edge

sentence (in the article) : This gives the Kalenjini an important edge when they compete in races at lower altitudes.

meaning : have an advantage over

simple sentence : I just didn't want to jeopardize my chances or give another applicant an edge over me.

intense /ɪnˈtens/ adjective

sentence (in the article) : The 1000-day challenge of the monks of Hiei involves intense periods of running, as well as a period of extreme physical deprivation.

meaning : involving or done with a lot of effort, energy, attention etc.

simple sentence : This type of work requires intense concentration.

day2

rigorous /ˈrɪɡərəs/ adjective

sentence (in the article) : The few monks who have completed the rigorous 1000-day challenge say that they now see the world in a new way.

meaning : strict, or severe

simple sentence : They worked under rigorous conditions and the closest supervision.

stamina /ˈstæmɪnə/ noun

sentence (in the article) : Our powerful lungs give us the stamina needed to run great distances.

meaning : the ability to work hard or to make a lot of effort over a long period of time without getting tired

simple sentence : I don't have the stamina to work all night.

tribe /traɪb/ noun

sentence (in the article) : Most of them are members of the Kalenjin tribe.

meaning : a large group of related families who live in the same area and share a common language, religion and customs

simple sentence : America was once the home of many Indian tribes.

waist /weɪst/ noun

sentence (in the article) : Their slim bodies, long legs, and short waists concentrate power where a runner needs it most─the legs.

meaning : the middle part of the human body that is usually narrower than the parts above and below

simple sentence : Jim put his arm round Carmen's waist.

enlightenment /ɪnˈlaɪt(ə)nmənt/ noun

sentence (in the article) : The tradition continues today as people all over the world continue to run for money, sport, exercise, enlightenment, or just plain fun.

meaning : the process of explaining or understanding something clearly

simple sentence : Children look to their teachers for enlightenment.

day3

deprivation /ˌdeprɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

sentence (in the article) : The 1000-day challenge of the monks of Hiei involves intense periods of running, as well as a period of extreme physical deprivation.

meaning : a situation in which you do not have something that you need or want

simple sentence : He was beginning to show symptoms of sleep deprivation.

take (one’s) own life

sentence (in the article) : Any monk who fails must take his own life.

meaning : kill somebody

simple sentence : In despair at his failure, he took his own life.

accurate /ˈækjʊrət/ adjective

sentence (in the article) : When Dr. Secher tried to predict how fast competitive rowers could go, based only on their sizes and the weights of their boats, he was accurate to within 1 percent.

meaning : able to do something in an exact way, without making a mistake

simple sentence : He's very accurate in his calculations.

at first glance

sentence (in the article) : At first glance, a big rower (and elite male rowers can weigh as much as 250 pounds) may seem to be at a disadvantage.

meaning : see something in sudden

simple sentence : The couple fell in love with each other at first glance.

section /ˈsekʃ(ə)n/ noun

sentence (in the article) : Bigger muscles, with their larger cross-section, also are stronger.

meaning : an area within a place

simple sentence : The frozen-foods section is in the rear of the shop.

day4

horizontal /ˌhɒrɪˈzɒnt(ə)l/ adjective

sentence (in the article) : Because swimmers are horizontal in the water, their long bodies give them an automatic edge.

meaning : straight and parallel to the ground

simple sentence : The ground was horizontal to the flagpole.

load /ləʊd/ noun

sentence (in the article) : “If you have large legs, you have to move a big load,” Dr. Secher said.

meaning : something that a person or animal carries, especially a large amount of things

simple sentence : The men were struggling with their heavy loads.

propel /prəˈpel/ verb

sentence (in the article) : Running requires that you lift your body off the ground with each step, propelling yourself forward.

meaning : to cause someone to do a particular thing or to cause something to happen

simple sentence : She was propelled by a desire to prove everyone else wrong.

stride /straɪd/ noun

sentence (in the article) : Tall people naturally have longer strides, but stride length does not determine speed.

meaning : the distance that you go in one long step

simple sentence : I crossed the street in ten strides.

illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/ verb

sentence (in the article) : The writer used three examples of different running cultures to illustrate and develop the main idea.

meaning : to show something by using pictures, diagrams, lists of numbers etc

simple sentence : This English textbook is well illustrated .

day5

box office

sentence (in the article) : It cost only $5 million to make, but it has excellent special effects and was a big success at the box office.

meaning : sale status of film and television industry

simple sentence : The movie has broken all box office record.

rank /ræŋk/ verb

sentence (in the article) : Dr. Joyner got a coach, worked hard, and recently ranked fifteenth swimming a mile in a U.S. Masters Swimming championship race.

meaning : to have a particular position in a group of people or things that are being judged according to quality, ability, size, etc.

simple sentence : The major general ranks at this camp.

spurt /spɜː(r)t/ verb

sentence (in the article) : And bigger muscles can store more glycogen, their fuel for short intense spurts.

meaning : a sudden increase in something

simple sentence : Many children have a growth spurt in their teens.

sprint /sprɪnt/ noun

sentence (in the article) : And because of the advantage that large muscles give for sprints over short distances, the shorter the distance an athlete must swim, the greater the advantage it is to big.

meaning : a sudden short period of speed, energy, or activity

simple sentence : The athlete put on a sprint of speed to make it.

automatic /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/ adjective

sentence (in the article) : Because swimmers are horizontal in the water, their long bodies give them an automatic edge.

meaning : done without conscious thought or intention, especially because of habit

simple sentence : A fine for this parking offence is automatic.