(1)
additional notes in class
Idiom :
You are bouncy! = You
are energetic!
So do I. = Same here.
etymology :
sua = smooth
suave / swɑːv/
/adjective/ confident
and polite in a way that may not be sincere
e.g. I think he is
too suave.
assuage / əˈsweɪdʒ/
/verb/ to make an
unpleasant or painful feeling less severe
e.g. Your messages of
cheer should assuage her suffering.
persuade / pə(r)ˈsweɪd/
/verb/ to make
someone leave a place, especially using physical force
e.g. What persuaded
you to accept the job?
voc, vok = call
equivocal / equivocal/
/adjective/ an
equivocal statement has more than one possible meaning and is made in order to
avoid saying something clearly
e.g. Research in this
area is somewhat equivocal.
evoke / ɪˈvəʊk/
/verb/ to bring a
particular emotion, idea, or memory into your mind
e.g. The recent flood
evoked memories of the great flood of 1972.
invoke / ɪnˈvəʊk/
/verb/ to ask for
help from someone who is stronger or more powerful, especially a god
e.g. She invoked the
forgiveness.
(2) vocabulary
journey
day1
despair / dɪˈspeə(r)/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : A part of me didn’t want Richard Parker to die at all, because if he
died I would be left alone with despair, a foe even more formidable than a tiger.
meaning : the feeling
that a situation is so bad that nothing you can do will change it
simple sentence : In
despair he phoned the embassy.
foe / fəʊ/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : A part of me didn’t want Richard Parker to die at all, because if he
died I would be left alone with despair, a foe even more formidable than a tiger.
meaning : an enemy
simple sentence : Try
to understand your foe and you might be surprised.
melodiously
/ ˌriˈmɑd(ə)l/
adverb
sentence (in the
article) : They purr, though not as melodiously or as frequently as small cats, and only as they breathe out.
meaning : beautiful
to listen
simple sentence :
rhetorical / rɪˈtɒrɪk(ə)l/ adjective
sentence (in the
article) : It is important to be able to identify the rhetorical structure of a text.
meaning : written or
spoken in a way that is impressive but is not honest
simple sentence : Her
queries were rhetorical, and best ignored.
spray
/ rɪˈtɒrɪk(ə)l/
noun
sentence (in the
article) : You’ll use a chemical spray instead of showering.
meaning : a liquid
product in a container that you use by pushing a button so that the liquid is
forced out through a small hole into the air
simple sentence : Don’t
forget to pack the insect spray.
out
of the question
sentence (in the
article) : Driving is out of the question because of the high cost of the fuel, and the subways are flooded
because of rising sea level.
meaning : used for
saying that something is definitely not a possibility
simple sentence : Taking
a holiday then is out of the question.
abandon / əˈbændən/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : Entire cities have been abandoned.
meaning : to leave a
place, especially because it is difficult or dangerous to stay there
simple sentence : Most
of the villagers have abandoned their homes and fled.
resource / rɪˈzɔː(r)s/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : Scientists warn that if we don’t limit our population growth and use
of resources, our society will be deeply
troubled in the future.
meaning : something
that you can use to help you to achieve something, especially in your work or
study
simple sentence : Museums
are important resources for teaching history.
link
/ lɪŋk/
verb
sentence (in the
article) : Most population growth is linked
to increases in material wealth and technological innovations.
meaning : if people, things,
or events are linked, they are related to each other in some way
simple sentence : Liver
cancer is linked to the hepatitis B virus.
standard
of living
sentence (in the
article) : Over this period, our standards of living have increased.
meaning : a level of
subsistence or material welfare of a community, class, or person
simple sentence : Their
standard of living steadily sank down.
day3
collapse
/ kəˈlæps/
verb
sentence (in the
article) : Every society that collapsed thought it couldn’t happen to them.
meaning : to suddenly
fall down and become very ill or unconscious
simple sentence : A
man had collapsed on the hospital steps.
deforestation / diːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : In the case of Maya, environmental destruction and deforestation led to a shortage of food,
and starvation resulted.
meaning : the process
of removing the trees from an area of land
simple sentence : It
could also underline the dangers of widespread deforestation.
abuse
/əˈbjuːs/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : The environment may be the resource we have abused most.
meaning : the use of
something in a bad, dishonest, or harmful way
simple sentence : All
polling methods are potentially open to abuse.
settlement
/ ˈset(ə)lmənt/
noun
sentence (in the
article) : About percent of the world’s original forests have been cut down to
accommodate farmland and human settlements.
meaning : a place
where people have come to live permanently, usually when there were very few
people living there before
simple sentence : They
discovered the remains of an early Anglo-Saxon settlement.
drought
/ draʊt/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : Droughts, harsh storms, and rising
sea levels have resulted.
meaning : a long
period of time when there is little or no rain and crops die
simple sentence : The
crops died during the drought.
harsh
/ hɑː(r)ʃ/
adjective
sentence (in the
article) : Droughts, harsh storms, and rising sea levels have resulted.
meaning : harsh
conditions or places are unpleasant and difficult to live in
simple sentence : He
was subjected to the harshest possible conditions.
promising
/ ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ/
adjective
sentence (in the
article) : The site is not promising.
meaning : likely to
be successful or very good
simple sentence : Portugal
got off to a promising start with a goal in the 13th minute.
outskirts
/ ˈaʊtˌskɜː(r)ts/
noun
sentence (in the
article) : But tens of billions of petro-dollars will be spent on these seven
square kilometers of desert on the outskirts of Abu Dhabi, the capital of the UAE.
meaning : the areas
of a town or city that are furthest away from the center
simple sentence : He
has a farm on the outskirts of town.
self-sufficient
sentence (in the
article) : It will have no cars and be self-sufficient in renewable energy.
meaning : able to
provide everything that you need by yourself, without help from other people
simple sentence : He’d
created a tiny, self-sufficient world for himself.
renewable
/ rɪˈnjuːəb(ə)l/
adjective
sentence (in the
article) : It will have no cars and be self-sufficient in renewable energy.
meaning : renewable
energy and natural materials replace themselves by natural processes, so that
they are never completely used up
simple sentence : The
wood in our furniture all comes from renewable sources.
day5
petro-dollars
sentence (in the
article) : But tens of billions of petro-dollars will be spent on these seven square kilometers of desert on the
outskirts of Abu Dhabi, the capital of the UAE.
meaning : money from
the sale of oil
simple sentence :
breeze
/ briːz/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : The buildings will be grouped together as in a traditional desert
village and ill be cooled by wind towers that will collect the desert’s breezes and flush out hot air.
meaning : a light
wind
simple sentence : The
curtains fluttered gently in the breeze.
flush
out
sentence (in the
article) : The buildings will be grouped together as in a traditional desert
village and ill be cooled by wind towers that will collect the desert’s breezes
and flush out hot air.
meaning : to force a
person or animal to leave a place where they have been hiding
simple sentence : The
rebels were flushed from their hiding places and shot.
orient / ˈɔːriənt/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : No building will be more than 5 stories high; the city is to be oriented northeast to southwest to
give a useful balance of sunlight and shade.
meaning : to have a
particular emphasis or aim
simple sentence : My
Russian course is heavily oriented towards grammar.
microclimate / ˈmaɪkrəʊˌklaɪmət/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : Most roads will be 10 to develop a microclimate and keep the air moving; roofs will allow in air and keep the sun
out in the summer.
meaning : the weather
or temperature in a specific small area, especially when this is different from
the weather or temperature in the area surrounding it
simple sentence : Heavy
landscaping, particularly in the car park, improves the microclimate.
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