(1)
additional notes in class
Chinglish :
I have left my keys
at home. (o)
The price is suitable
for me. (x)
The price is right.
(o)
I have something to
do tomorrow. (x)
I am tied up all day
tomorrow. (o)
etymology :
hydro = water ; liquid
dehydrate / ˌdiːhaɪˈdreɪt/
/verb/ to lose water
from your body by not drinking enough or by sweating, vomiting, or having
diarrhoea
e.g. I will dehydrate
if you don’t give me water.
rehydrate/ rehaɪˌdreɪt/
/verb/ to restore
fluid to something
e.g. The players have
the first two minutes of the break to rest, pull on fresh shirts and rehydrate.
hydrant / ˈhaɪdrənt/
/noun/ an upright
water pipe in the street that the fire service gets water from
e.g. Where your
vehicle will obstruct access to a fire hydrant from the roadway.
agon = struggle ; fight
agony / ˈæɡəni/
/noun/ a strong and unpleasant
feeling
e.g. They went
through the agonies of war and famine.
antagonize / ænˈtæɡənaɪz/
/verb/ to make
someone feel angry with you, so that they start to have a negative attitude
towards you
e.g. They were always
careful not to antagonize rural voters.
protagonist / prəʊˈtæɡənɪst/
/noun/ the main
character in a play, film, or story
e.g. The protagonist
reforms in the end and avoids his proper punishment.
(2) vocabulary
journey
day1
formidable / ˈfɔː(r)mɪdəb(ə)l/ adjective
sentence (in the
article) : The formidable
hunter was just 15 feet away, silently watching them.
meaning : very
impressive in size, power, or skill and therefore deserving respect and often
difficult to deal with
simple sentence : Meeting
the energy demands of a big city is a formidable task.
grunt / ˈspeɪʃəs/ adjective
sentence (in the
article) : The cat made a quiet grunt and started to approach.
meaning : a short low
sound made by a person or an animal
simple sentence : He
lifted the heavy suitcase with a grunt.
snarl
/ snɑː(r)l/
verb
sentence (in the
article) : Jessie then snarled like a dog, looking directly at the mountain lion.
meaning : to speak in
an unpleasant angry way
simple sentence : Hyde
seemed almost to snarl the name.
charge / tʃɑː(r)dʒ/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : The big cat did not charge at the girls.
meaning : to attack
someone or something by running very fast towards them
simple sentence : The
lion charged at those little animals.
spine-chilling
sentence (in the
article) : Jessie and Brianna’s spine-chilling experience may seem unusual.
meaning : very
frightening
simple sentence : It
was spine - chilling to learn that a murderer was in our neighborhood.
hold
one’s ground
sentence (in the
article) :If you encounter a mountain lion, hold
your ground and stay as calm as possible.
meaning : to not move
when someone attacks you or is going to attack you
simple sentence : The
small, poorly armed band of guerrillas stood their ground against an
overwhelming attacking force.
frailty / ˈfreɪlti/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : For this reason, avoid any signs of frailty when you come across one.
meaning : the
condition of having a weak character or weak moral standards
simple sentence : Figures
of authority are all too prone to human frailty.
menacing / ˈmenəsɪŋ/ adjective
sentence (in the
article) : Make direct eye contact with the mountain lion and appear as menacing as possible..
meaning : intended to
threaten or frighten someone
simple sentence :
nostrils
/ ˈnɒstrəl/
noun
sentence (in the
article) : Aim for sensitive areas, such as the eyes and nostrils.
meaning : one of the
two holes at the end of your nose
simple sentence : A
strange odor assaulted the nostrils.
park
ranger
sentence (in the
article) : Ask park ranger, wildlife officials, or the local police station if there have
been any sightings.
meaning : someone who
is in charge of protecting a forest or area of countryside
simple sentence : Bill
Justice is a park ranger at the Carlsbad Caverns National Park.
day3
leash
/ liːʃ/
noun
sentence (in the
article) : If you feel you must bring a dog, be sure to keep it on a leash.
meaning : a lead for
a dog
simple sentence : All
dogs must be kept on a leash in public places.
sideways / ˈsaɪdweɪz/ adverb
sentence (in the
article) : If you feel yourself being pulled down, roll sideways to shake the big cat off of
you..
meaning : with one
side facing forward
simple sentence : If
you stand sideways it’s harder for people to hit you.
majestic
/ məˈdʒestɪk/
adjective
sentence (in the
article) : If you see one of these majestic creatures in the wild, remember to stay calm, hold your ground,
and act threateningly if approached.
meaning : big,
beautiful, or impressive in a calm and serious way
simple sentence : The
bridge stands majestic astride the river.
intently
/ ɪnˈtentli/
adverb
sentence (in the
article) : He was looking at me intently.
meaning : concentrating
hard on something
simple sentence : He
gazed intently at his watch.
growl
/ ɡraʊl/
verb
sentence (in the
article) : No lips were rising and falling, no teeth were showing, no growling or snarling was coming from
him..
meaning : if an
animal growls, it makes a frightening or unfriendly low noise
simple sentence : The
dog growled at me.
twitch
/ twɪtʃ/
verb
sentence (in the
article) : He kept twitching his ears and varying the sideways turn of his head..
meaning : to pull
something with a sudden short movement
simple sentence : I
saw the curtains twitch in the house next door.
pick
up one’s ears
sentence (in the
article) : I picked up my ears.
meaning : to become
atteptive
simple sentence : She
pricked her ears up when she heard her name.
petrifying / ˈpetrɪfaɪ/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : It’s a cry that travels far and wide, and is absolutely petrifying when heard close up..
meaning : to frighten
someone so much that they cannot move or decide what to do
simple sentence : Your
father really petrifies me.
snort
/ snɔː(r)t/
noun
sentence (in the
article) : He made a sound, a snort from his nostrils.
meaning : a loud
sound made by breathing through your nose
simple sentence : Angela
snorted with laughter.
rustle / ˈrʌs(ə)l/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : The leaves on the branch rustled and shook.
meaning : to make a
sound like the one that leaves or sheets of paper make when they move
simple sentence : She
sat perfectly still, without even a rustle of her frilled petticoats.
day5
rusty / ˈrʌs(ə)l/ adjective
sentence (in the
article) : I warn you, my piano playing’s pretty rusty.
meaning : a skill
that is rusty has not been used recently
simple sentence : My
French is a bit rusty.
tame / teɪm/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : I had to tame him.
meaning : to train an
animal to stay calm when people are near it and to make it used to being with
them
simple sentence : Often
the owners of barrel organs had tame monkeys.
in
the same boat
sentence (in the
article) : We were in the same boat.
meaning : in the same
situation, having the same problem
simple sentence : Sorry
that I cannot lend you money, I’m in the same boat.
outlast / ˌaʊtˈlɑːst/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : More likely the worst would happen: the simple passage of time, in
which his animal toughness would easily outlast my human frailty.
meaning : to last
longer, or to continue to be successful for longer, than someone or something
else
simple sentence : This
system has outlasted many of its rivals.
come
clean
sentence (in the
article) : I will come clean.
meaning : to tell the
truth about something that you have kept secret
simple sentence : It
was time to come clean with my mother.
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