(1)
additional notes in class
basic text organization :
b. the general topic
and main idea
c. the main points
that support the main idea
d. supporting
examples and details
e. the conclusion
etymology :
mal- = bad
maladjusted /ˌmæləˈdʒʌstɪd/
/adjective/ lacking
harmony with one’s environment from failure to adjust one's desires to the
conditions of one’s life
e.g. The doctor knows
how to deal with maladjusted children.
maltreat / mælˈtriːt/
/verb/ to be violent
or cruel to a person or animal
e.g. They will be
separated from being with their parent, if he maltreats them.
malicious / məˈlɪʃəs/
/adjective/ unkind
and showing a strong feeling of wanting to hurt someone
e.g. Her malicious
remark enraged him.
dic = say
contradict /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt/
/verb/ to say that
the opposite of what someone has said is true
e.g. He didn’t dare
contradict his parents.
predict / prɪˈdɪkt/
/verb/ to say what
you think will happen in the future
e.g. They’re
predicting heavy rain for tomorrow.
verdict / ˈvɜː(r)dɪkt/
/noun/ an official
judgment made in a court
e.g. The jury took 16
hours to reach a verdict.
(2) vocabulary journey
day1
strain / streɪn/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : However, unlike those with whom he shares an elevator, Kenji doesn’t
spend his day straining his eyes in front of a computer screen.
meaning : to try very
hard to do something
simple sentence : I
could keep up with him, without straining myself.
snag / snæɡ/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : Her photographer’s eye has a vision that reaches beyond the
realities of rain or technical snags or falling off a wall and missing the
shot of a lifetime.
meaning : a problem
or disadvantage that you have not planned for
simple sentence : I’m
afraid there’s one snag – I forgot to bring my money.
fade / feɪd/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : When the sunlight fades into twilight, he changes his clothes and rides the elevator back
down to the bright lights and clamor of the big city.
meaning : if
something fades, it gradually becomes less clear or noticeable until it finally
disappears
simple sentence : Marie’s
smile slowly faded.
clamor /ˈklæmə(r)/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : When the sunlight fades into twilight, he changes his clothes and
rides the elevator back down to the bright lights and clamor of
the big city.
meaning : a very loud
noise made by a lot of people or things, for example when a lot of people are
shouting
simple sentence : I
couldn’t hear anything above the clamour of the crowd.
lose
track of
sentence (in the
article) : I was late for dinner one night because I’d lost track of the time, and I tried to explain how it is, in the garden, at
twilight.
meaning : to no
longer know where someone or something is or what is happening
simple sentence : I’ve
lost track of what she’s doing now.
day2
shade / ʃeɪd/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : The sweet potatoes across Kenji’s roof garden provide food, and
their broad leaves also provide shade, which keep the roof cooler.
meaning : a slightly
dark area where the light from the sun does not reach because it is blocked by
something
simple sentence : We
sat in the shade and ate our lunch.
weed / wiːd/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : Plants need to be fed and watered, and they need someone to pull weeds, so
employees like Kenji are paid to building owners set up and maintain farms on
their roof as well as offer advice on what to plant.
meaning : a plant
that grows easily and is usually found in places where you do not want it
simple sentence : The
garden was overgrown with weeds.
bloom / bluːm/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : Take the elevator down two floors, and you’ll see roses blooming,
tomato seedlings climbing up their wire frames, and lettuces and pumpkins
stretching their leaves toward lights in the ceiling.
meaning : if a tree
or plant blooms, it produces flowers that have opened
simple sentence : Magnificent
lilac trees bloomed in the forest.
sway
/ sweɪ/
verb
sentence (in the
article) : Another room has rice plants swaying in the breeze
created by white-coated workers who wander back and forth between the rooms,
pushing buttons and adjusting the climate.
meaning : to move or
swing gently from side to side
simple sentence : Their
bodies swayed to the music.
wander
/ ˈwɒndə(r)/
verb
sentence (in the
article) : Another room has rice plants swaying in the breeze created by
white-coated workers who wander back and forth between the rooms, pushing buttons and adjusting
the climate.
meaning : to travel
from place to place, especially on foot, without a particular direction or
purpose
simple sentence : He
wandered the countryside, looking for his son.
day3
district
/ ˈdɪstrɪkt/
noun
sentence (in the
article) : Pasona 2 started an agriculture training program in the basement of
their downtown office in Tokyo’s Otemachi district.
meaning : one of the
areas into which a town or country is divided for official purposes
simple sentence : Schools
in the district continue to perform badly.
drudgery / ˈdrʌdʒəri/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : What is drudgery anyway?
meaning : boring and
unpleasant work that you have to do
simple sentence : I
am afraid that I should find it drudgery to teach music to beginners.
cubicle / ˈkjuːbɪk(ə)l/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : Or is it sitting in a cubicle staring at a computer?
meaning : a small
enclosed area in a room, separated from the rest of the room by thin walls or
curtains
simple sentence : She
went into the changing cubicle to try on the dress.
gobble
up
sentence (in the
article) : For years, cities have been gobbling up
farmland.
meaning : to use a
lot of something very quickly
simple sentence : The
military gobbles up all the money.
bring
up
sentence (in the
article) : You keep bringing
up little details and profound events, thinking that maybe this time
the person will get it, will see what you see.
meaning : to look
after a child until he or she becomes an adult
simple sentence : She
brought up three sons on her own.
day4
gorgeous
/ ˈɡɔː(r)dʒəs/
adjective
sentence (in the
article) : And there’s this perennial I don’t even know the name of that
somebody gave me last year, just a transplant, and now it’s this wonderful huge
gorgeous
purple thing.
meaning : very
enjoyable or pleasant
simple sentence : The
weather was absolutely gorgeous.
trail
off
sentence (in the
article) : My voice trailed
off.
meaning : if
someone’s voice or words trail away or trail off, they gradually become silent
simple sentence : Her
voice trailed off as she realized he wasn’t listening.
amusing / əˈmjuːzɪŋ/ adjective
sentence (in the
article) : He told amusing jokes after dinner.
meaning : funny or
entertaining
simple sentence : I
don’t find that type of humor very amusing at all.
recount / rɪˈkaʊnt/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : I know they’re recounting something passionate, something I even want to experience, but I
can’t relate to the words.
meaning : to say what
happened
simple sentence : She
recounted her conversation with Sam.
dose / dəʊs/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : I’d wandered by the parsley patch looking for my watering can,
intending to give the potatoes a dose of sea kelp before going to dinner.
meaning : an amount
of a particular quality
simple sentence : Marcus
added a healthy dose of scepticism to the discussion.
day5
settle
for
sentence (in the
article) : I’d given up on the parsley, a flavorful, single-leafed Italian
variety I’d direct-seeded, and figured I’d have to settle for
buying some plants at my local nursery.
meaning : to accept
someone or something that is not exactly what you wanted because you cannot
have what you wanted
simple sentence : Why
settle for second best when you can have something better?
in
exchange for
sentence (in the
article) : Give the parsley some air and light in exchange for
coming up.
meaning : if you give
someone something in exchange for something else, you give them something and
they give you something else of a similar type or value
simple sentence : What
would you give me in exchange for my recorder?
profound / prəˈfaʊnd/ adjective
sentence (in the
article) : You keep bringing up little details and profound
events, thinking that maybe this time the person will get it, will see what you
see.
meaning : showing
serious thought and wise ideas
simple sentence : It’s
a profound book.
rough / rʌf/ adjective
sentence (in the
article) : I smiled at my friend and saw by her face that she’d had a rough
day.
meaning : difficult
and with a lot of problems
simple sentence : They
were going through a rough patch in their relationship.
transplant / ˌtrænsˈplɑːnt/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : If I got up early, I’d have time to transplant the
baby cleome.
meaning : to take a
plant out of the ground and put it in a different place
simple sentence : We’ll
transplant the flowers to the garden.
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