(1)
additional notes in class
Idiom :
She talked endlessly
about her job. = She talked nineteen to the dozen about her job.
Shut up! = Put a sock
in it!
What should I do
next? = Where do I go from here? English is used all over the world. = English
is used under the sun.
etymology :
reg- = to rule ; king
regal / ˈriːɡ(ə)l/
/adjective/ typical
of or suitable for a king or queen
e.g. I was shocked by
the regal splendor of the palace.
region / ˈriːdʒ(ə)n/
/noun/ a large area
of land whose politics, geography, or culture is different from other areas
e.g. Wages varied
from region to region.
regulate / ˈreɡjʊleɪt/
/verb/ to control an activity,
process, or industry officially by using rules
e.g. The proposal
seeks to change the way the airline industry is regulated.
di- = double ; twice
dilemma / dɪˈlemə/
/noun/ a situation in
which you have to make a difficult decision
e.g. I’m in a dilemma
over whether to tell him or not.
diphthong / ˈdɪfθɒŋ/
/noun/ a sound
consisting of one or two vowels that is the combination of two sounds said one
after the other
e.g. All vowel and
diphthong sounds in English are voiced.
diploma / dɪˈpləʊmə/
/noun/ the
qualification that you get when you have completed a diploma course
e.g. He has a diploma
in marketing.
-pute = to think
impute / ɪmˈpjuːt/
/verb/ to say that
someone or something has a specific quality, especially a bad one, or is guilty
of something
e.g. They imputed the
failure to his carelessness.
dispute / dɪˈspjuːt/
/verb/ a serious
disagreement, especially one between groups of people that lasts for a long
time
e.g. Monroe’s
behavior eventually led to a dispute with the referee.
repute / rɪˈpjuːt/
/verb/ to think of
someone or something in a particular way
e.g. He is ill
reputed in the business community.
(2) vocabulary
journey
day1
tune / tjuːn/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : In the story, Twain is able to get rid of the tune by
passing it on to someone else.
meaning : a song or
piece of music
simple sentence : He
whistled a popular tune.
phenomenon / fəˈnɒmɪnən/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : This phenomenon of music stuck in the head is quite common and affects up to
99percent of the population.
meaning : someone or
something that is very impressive or surprising
simple sentence : Her
new book is a publishing phenomenon.
infect / ɪnˈfekt/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : Earworms can also infect fect
other people.
meaning : to make
someone get a disease, that can be spread from one person to another
simple sentence : If
you return to work too soon, you may infect other people.
hum / hʌm/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : If a person with the earworm starts humming the tune, people
nearby who are so familiar with the tune can catch the earworm.
meaning : to make
musical sounds with your lips closed
simple sentence : If
you don’t know the words, just hum the tune.
subject / səbˈdʒekt/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : Even without earbuds, people are subjected to
tunes on telephones, in elevators, and in offices, so it shouldn’t be
surprising that this supposedly harmless background noise attaches itself to
their brains.
meaning : to make
someone experience something unpleasant
simple sentence : Her
husband subjected her to years of physical abuse.
day2
itch / ɪtʃ/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : An earworm is a sort of brain itch.
meaning : a feeling
of wanting something
simple sentence : I
still get the itch to pack a bag and just drive off.
catchy / ˈkætʃi/ adjective
sentence (in the
article) : He says that tunes, especially if they are catchy or
repetitive, can affect the brain in the same way that histamines create an itch
in the body.
meaning : if a tune
or phrase is catchy it attracts your attention and is easy to remember
simple sentence : The
chorus is very catchy to say the least.
jingle / ˈdʒɪŋɡ(ə)l/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : The American writer Mark Twain published a short story about an
annoying jingle
that kept repeating itself in his mind.
meaning : a short
phrase, usually with music, that is easy to remember, used for advertising
something on the radio or television
simple sentence : I
like that advertising jingles.
portable
/ˈpɔː(r)təb(ə)l/ adjective
sentence (in the
article) : Sacks notes these days, people listen to portable audio devices
when they’re driving, exercising, or doing homework.
meaning : something
that is portable is easy to carry or move, so that you can use it in different
places
simple sentence : Computers
become lighter, smaller, and more portable every year.
earring
/ ˈɪərɪŋ/
noun
sentence (in the
article) : She wore glittery earrings and more makeup than I could remember.
meaning : a piece of
jewelry that you wear on your ear
simple sentence : She
served her earring as a pin.
day3
histamine
/ˈhɪstəmiːn/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : He says that tunes, especially if they’re catchy or repetitive, can
affect the brain in the same way that histamines
create an itch in the body.
meaning : a natural
substance produced by the body when it is fighting an infection or a poison
simple sentence : A drug
used to counteract the physiological effects of histamine production in
allergic reactions and colds.
consciousness / ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : It seems that music has a powerful effect on the human consciousness.
meaning : someone’s
mind and thoughts
simple sentence : The
sound of the fighting receded from my consciousness.
susceptible / səˈseptəb(ə)l/ adjective
sentence (in the
article) : Kellaris says that musicians tend to be more susceptible to earworms, perhaps because of their sensitivity to music.
meaning : easily
influenced or affected by something
simple sentence : Police
officers here are very susceptible to corruption.
invade / ɪnˈveɪd/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : It is entirely possible that someday consumers will need to defend
themselves against music that seems to invade private mental
space.
meaning : to take or
send an army into another country in order to get control of it
simple sentence : The
island was invaded during the war.
soundtrack
/ ˈsaʊn(d)ˌtræk/
noun
sentence (in the
article) : In fact, Peter, a cognitive neuroscientist who has studied music and
the brain, says that music can function like a movie soundtrack.
meaning : the music
that is played during a film or television program, or a CD of this music
simple sentence : To
combine all of the audio components of a recording into a final soundtrack or
mix.
day4
frequency
/ ˈfriːkwənsi/
noun
sentence (in the
article) : Humans can’t hear the sound, but dogs, which can hear sounds in a
much higher frequency range than humans, hear it and hate it.
meaning : the number
of times that something happens during a period of time
simple sentence : Accidents
occur here with increasing frequency.
activate
/ ˈæktɪveɪt/
verb
sentence (in the
article) : The officer pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect,
and activates it.
meaning : to make a
piece of equipment or a process start working
simple sentence : You
can activate the system by buttons or voice recognition.
acoustic / əˈkuːstɪk/ adjective
sentence (in the
article) : Amazingly, the thief isn’t hurt because the officer hasn’t use a
real gun, but rather something called a Long Range Acoustic
Device.
meaning : not made
louder with electronic equipment simple sentence : Listen to my acoustic
signals.
deafening / ˈdef(ə)nɪŋ/ adjective
sentence (in the
article) : This device produces a deafening sound that is so painful that it
temporarily disables a person.
meaning : so loud
that you can hear nothing else
simple sentence : The
voices rose to a deafening pitch.
temporarily / ˌtempəˈreərəli/ adverb
sentence (in the
article) : This device produces a deafening sound that is so painful that it temporarily disables a person.
meaning : only a
limited period of time
simple sentence : She’s
only working here temporarily.
day5
beam / biːm/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : The officer and bystanders are not affected because unlike regular
sound that spread in many directions, the noise from the LRAD is directed like
a beam of
light.
meaning : a line of
light or other form of energy
simple sentence : The
beam from a flashlight showed a beggar sleeping at his doorstep.
lethal / ˈliːθl/ adjective
sentence (in the
article) : Unfortunately, the LRAD may cause some hearing loss, which makes it
controversial, but it is nor lethal.
meaning : very
dangerous and able to kill you
simple sentence : The
lethal power of the air was yet to come.
offensive / əˈfensɪv/ adjective
sentence (in the
article) : Thanks to the Silence Machine, an invention by British scientist
Selwyn Wright, you can get rid of the offensive
tune without offending the little girl or her parents.
meaning : unpleasant
or insulting, and likely to make people upset or embarrassed
simple sentence : There
were complaints that the advertisement was offensive to women.
bystander / ˈbaɪˌstændə(r)/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : The officer and bystanders are not affected because unlike regular sound that spread in many
directions, the noise from the LRAD is directed like a beam of light.
meaning : someone who
is in a particular place by chance when an accident or an unusual event happens
but who is not directly connected with it
simple sentence : Three
innocent bystanders were wounded in the explosion.
restore / rɪˈstɔː(r)/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : Simply activate the machine, point it at the offending target, and
your peace and quiet is instantly restored.
meaning : to cause a
particular situation to exist again, especially a positive one
simple sentence : Every
effort was made to get peace restored to the area.
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