(1) additional notes in class
Spring break ; Easter vacation ; study week :
an academic tradition in various mostly western
countries
etymology :
equ = equal
adequate /ˈædɪkwət/
/adjective/ good
enough or large enough for a particular purpose
e.g. The house is
perfectly adequate for just the two of us.
equanimity /ˌekwəˈnɪməti/
/noun/ a calm mental
state when you deal with a difficult situation
e.g. He seemed to be
facing the future with equanimity.
equilibrium / ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbriəm/
/noun/ a situation in
which there is a balance between different forces or aspects
e.g. A new arms race
in the region would upset the delicate equilibrium between the opposing
factions.
gen = bear ; kind ; race
genealogy / ˌdʒiːniˈælədʒi/
/noun/ the study of
the history of families using historical documents to discover the
relationships between people
e.g. He was
proficient in all questions of genealogy.
genial / ˈdʒiːniəl/
/adjective/ friendly
and mild
e.g. Bob was always
genial and welcoming.
genuine / ˈdʒenjuɪn/
/adjective/ real,
rather than pretended or false
e.g. It was a genuine
mistake and we ought to forgive him.
(2) vocabulary journey
day1
diameter / daɪˈæmɪtə(r)/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : Ancient survivors in a world in which change can happen suddenly,
these all trees survived the fall of a giant meteor that left a hole that was
miles wide in diameter and may have killed the last of the dinosaurs.
meaning : a straight
line that crosses a circle through the central, or the length of this line
simple sentence : The
dome is ten feet in diameter.
manage
to
sentence (in the
article) : Scientists are just beginning to understand why these remarkable
trees have manage to
survive for so long and grow so tall.
meaning : to succeed
in doing something, especially something that needs a lot of effort or skill
simple sentence : I
managed to escape by diving into the river.
damp / dæmp/ adjective
sentence (in the article)
: It is never found in the same forest as a coastal redwood, which has adapted
to the damp and
cloudy climate of the coast.
meaning : slightly
wet, often in an unpleasant way or when it should be dry
simple sentence : Cover
the bowl with a warm damp cloth.
frontier / frʌnˈtɪə(r)/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : The area where they start, called the crown, is a new frontier for
scientists.
meaning : the most
advanced or recent ideas about something
simple sentence : We
are dedicated to experimentation, to pushing back the frontiers.
rot
/ rɒt/
verb
sentence (in the
article) :The dead branch is still part of the tree, but as it rots,
other plants penetrate the dead wood and complete the process of creating a
soil-like environment full of minerals.
meaning : to decay by
a gradual natural process, or to make something decay in this way
simple sentence : All
those sweets will rot your teeth.
emerge / ɪˈmɜː(r)dʒ/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : The dead places become gardens where new plants emerge.
meaning : to come out
of something or out from behind something
simple sentence : After
a few weeks, the caterpillar emerges from its cocoon.
assume / əˈsjuːm/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : Scientists assume that at one time a redwood giant reach 400 feet and live for 4000
years, but they have yet to find one.
meaning : to believe
that something is true, even though no one has told you or even though you have
no proof
simple sentence : I
have always assumed her to be American.
consolation / ˌkɒnsəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : Aside from books, my only consolation was
a small horse.
meaning : something
that makes you feel less unhappy or disappointed
simple sentence : It
was some consolation to know that no one else had passed the test.
fierce
/ fɪə(r)s/
adjective
sentence (in the
article) : She was fierce, so I had put her on my “people to avoid” list.
meaning : involving
very strong feelings such as determination, anger, or hate
simple sentence : The
proposals provoked a fierce debate.
blaze
/ bleɪz/
noun
sentence (in the
article) : Dark with a white blaze on its nose, her horse looked as scary as she did.
meaning : a strong
bright light or area of color
simple sentence : The
new building was a blaze of light.
day3
lean
/ liːn/
verb
sentence (in the
article) : I leaned way back on her and managed not to slide off.
meaning : to move
your body so it is closer to or further from someone or something, for example
by bending at the waist
simple sentence : The
other girl leaned forward to hear what was going on.
foliage /ˈfəʊliɪdʒ/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : Branches were hitting me in the face leaving bits of foliage in
my hair.
meaning : the leaves
of a plant or tree
simple sentence : Pollution
has stripped the trees of their foliage.
leap / liːp/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : Sunlight danced through the leaves, and the wind made my eyes water
as we raced through the forest, leaning into curves and leaping
over rotting logs.
meaning : to move
somewhere suddenly and quickly
simple sentence : The
suspect was seen leaping into a car and speeding off.
lamely/ ˈleɪmli/
adverb
sentence (in the
article) : “Won’t you get in trouble?”I asked lamely.
meaning : in a way
that does not seem sincere or enthusiastic
simple sentence : “I
forgot to invite him,” Jane said rather lamely.
cylinder
/ ˈsɪlɪndə(r)/
noun
sentence (in the
article) : The trunk was a cylinder that grew straight up for about 20 feet and then sent out broad
limbs that reached to the edge of the clearing.
meaning : an object
shaped like a tube
simple sentence : The
hollow cylinder that is carried by each member of a relay team and passed to
the next runner.
shrug
/ shrug/
verb
sentence (in the
article) : When I pointed out that we couldn’t get to the branches, she shrugged.
meaning : to move
your shoulders up and let them drop to show that you do not know something or
do not care
simple sentence : He
shrugged at my suggestion
swing
/ swɪŋ/
verb
sentence (in the
article) : She grabbed one of the lower branches and swung
herself into the tree.
meaning : to move, or
to make something move, backwards and forwards or from one side to another,
especially from a fixed point
simple sentence : As
she shook her head, her earrings swung back and forth.
work
one’s way
sentence (in the
article) : She turned and worked
her way down the branch toward the white birch.
meaning : if you work
your way somewhere, you travel there slowly and with difficulty
simple sentence : Mitch
was working his way up the hill with a heavy pack on his back.
rip / rɪp/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : Desperately, I grabbed at it and tried to hang on, but her weight ripped it
out my hand.
meaning : to tear
something quickly and with a lot of force
simple sentence : I
ripped my jeans on a sharp nail.
tangle / ˈtæŋɡ(ə)l/ verb
sentence (in the
article) : She disappeared in a tangle of branches.
meaning : the untidy
shape that things make when they are twisted round each other or round
something else
simple sentence : Her
hair had got into a hopeless tangle.
day5
desperately / ˈdesp(ə)rət(ə)li/ adverb
sentence (in the
article) : Desperately, I grabbed at it and tried to hang on, but her weight ripped it
out my hand.
meaning : in a very
worried or angry way
simple sentence : She
tried desperately to push him away.
let
out
sentence (in the
article) : I let out a sigh of relief.
meaning : to make a
noise
simple sentence : As
he walked away, he let out a sigh of relief.
steep / stiːp/ adjective
sentence (in the
article) : Rhonda led me into some trees and down a steep slope.
meaning : a steep
slope rises quickly and is difficult to climb
simple sentence : It
was a steep climb out of the valley.
prehistoric / ˌpriːhɪˈstɒrɪk/ adjective
sentence (in the
article) : The redwood forests of Northern California are all that remain of a
great forest that covered the earth in prehistoric
times.
meaning : relating to
the period of time before history was first written down
simple sentence : It's
the most enigmatic prehistoric monument on earth.
entry / ˈentri/ noun
sentence (in the
article) : Read a classmate’s travel journal entry.
meaning : a set of
information that is part of a series of things written in a book, list,
computer database etc
simple
sentence : Her diary entries for that month show how unhappy she
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